By Karl Hausner

"Students don't know a lot about this topic", said Chris Gregory, Director of Ryle North Residential Colleges. "They are taught that the war ended in 1 945 and the Americans went home. They don't often think of the people who were still there". This was Dr. Gregory's introduction to my presentation on October 1 2, 1 998 at Truman University in Kirksville, Missouri.

The situation is much worse. Almost daily, politicians, the media and even prominent Christian leaders refer to Nazi crimes and the Holocaust, without mentioning even such crimes against humanity, committed by the Bolsheviks before, during and after World War 11 and the millions who were tortured and killed in China, Korea and Indochina. There is also total silence about the Morgenthau Plan, the Allied War against civilians and the starvation camps throughout Europe and Asia during and even after World War II.

It is, for this reason, that I would like to contribute to the understanding and harmony between nations by presenting to those interested in the whole truth, the experience of my people in the former Sudetenland after World War 11.

MY PERSONAL EXPERIENCE AFTER WORLD WAR I I

I was born and raised on a family farm in Schwansdorf (Svatonovitze), a village with a prewar population of about 550, near the city of Troppau (Opava), formerly Sudetenschlesien and now the Czech Republic.

The war was extremely hard on our people with a high number of casualties. The worst came when we were "liberated" by the Soviet troops and Czech partisans.On May 8, 1 945, after weeks of military and refugee movements, the German troops quickly disappeared. At about 1 0:00 A.M., the village was bombarded by the Soviets with grenades and later combat soldiers appeared. There was no fighting. The Soviet troops searched every house, primarily for soldiers and valuables such as watches and jewelry. The combat troops then moved on.

The Soviet support troops arrived, removed all of the horses from the barns, harnessed them, hitched them to the best wagons available, took some feed and departed. Every mature male who was located, had to go along. Of the five men who were forced to join, only one returned. These were: Ernst Krebs, Fritz Krebs, Johann Kuntscher, Emil Kaimer and Franz Rohm. The latter returned after two years in a Soviet labor camp.

Other Soviet soldiers started to look for young women they could sexually abuse. Since most of the population had fled or were hiding in stone quarries or woods, only those who remained in the village felt they had to take care of their cattle. Mrs. Jahn, a 50 year old woman, was approached for rape. She ran out of the house and the Soviet soldiers shot her to death.

Franz Frei, during World War 1, was in the Austrian Army and got captured by the Russians. He spent years with and against the Red Army. In 1 923, he returned from Russia via China, thus, he had the ability to speak Russian. He was in his house, when Soviet soldiers entered it. They saw a family picture on the wall with his four daughters. They demanded that he produce these girls. Since he knew some Russian, he explained that they are not here. After a beating, Mr. Frei had to kneel down and then he was executed.

Emma Bischof, our neighbor, about 35 years of age, was about to be raped. She took her two children and ran out of her farm as two soldiers ran after her. She jumped with her two children into a water reservoir. The soldiers pulled her and the children out, but her little boy already had drowned. She was raped, while her seven year old daughter watched. At about 3:00 P.M., a bunch of Soviet soldiers entered the farm house of the Emil Kaimer family. Emil Kaimer was already gone, when they took his horses. Mrs. Kalmer, age 38, her three children, ages ten, six and two and her 70 year old mother-in-law were in the kitchen. She had to lay on the floor where she was raped by dozens of Soviet soldiers, one after another. When blood exited from her vagina, one Soviet soldier instead of raping her, took his bayonet and stuck it into her vagina, pulled it out and disappeared. Mrs. Kaimer was still alive for another hour or so, when a Soviet officer shot her in the head. All this was in the presence of her small children and old mother-in-law.

Julius Dohmes, age 60, hanged himself in the hay barn, when they took his only horse. He was a small farmer and obviously could not handle the loss and circumstances. Hans Sommer, about 55, had a small farm and Gasthaus (Inn), known as Schles, which was on the road between our village and Bautsch (Budisov). He was found shot to death near his estate. No one knows the circumstances. Most likely he fled and failed to stop and was shot.

During the next few days rape and robbery were committed by the Soviet troops whenever and wherever possible. All of the cows and the other cattle, except one for each family, were removed from the various farms and driven to the Rosmanith farm (No. 27) where they were milked, awaiting their transportation to Russia. All of the young women, who were located, were forced to do the chores for a period of about four weeks, during which time they were raped numerous times, even daily.

At the end of May, the Soviet troops had discovered that some refugees were hiding in a stone quarry, about a mile away from the village surrounded by large wooded areas. Our teacher, Karl Wolny's family, had a hunting lodge nearby where they were hiding. On May 26, 1 945, Karl Wolny, who was 74 years of age, his wife, his sister-in-law Mrs. Muehr, his son Oskar with his wife Anna and her sister were brutally slain. The two young women were raped, even though, Anna Wolny was pregnant and close to giving birth. They were thrown into a mass grave without a funeral, because our villagers were scared to attend. In September of 1 998, 53 years later, a stone was placed on that mass grave in memory of them.

Within about four weeks, in early June of 1 945, most of the Soviet troops disappeared from the villages and the Czech partisans had taken over. The situation worsened.

I personally was in hiding with a Polish speaking family who had been on our farm prior to the end of the war. Since they spoke Polish, they could communicate with the Russians to some extent and during more critical moments, I was hidden under sacks of feed for the horses, with clothing and the small children on top of it. We made our way to their hometown, Weihendorf (Wojnowice) near Ratibor, which had been claimed by the Polish Militia. Finally, at the end of June, I ventured the return to my hometown about forty miles away, naturally on foot, avoiding towns, highways and people in general. Upon my return home, all of us between the ages of fifteen and sixty-five, were to report for work, harvesting and thrashing, whatever was left in the fields. In early September, I was just about sixteen, when two from our village, myself and Ernst Frei (nineteen), who had returned from the military, were sent to the industrial and coal mining region between Ostrau (Ostrava) and Oderberg. The labor camp was built during World War 11, where Soviet prisoners of war were housed and had to work in the coal mines. This was a typical labor camp with barracks, primitive sanitary facilities and a kitchen. The camp was surrounded with barbwire fences and watchtowers for the guards.

Upon arrival in the camp, our civilian clothing was taken away and we got a prison uniform which included wooden shoes and a helmet for use in the mine. We received shears and had to cut each others hair as short as possible in order to reduce the habitat for lice and make us more readily detected in case we fled. This was certainly not something new, but a common practice in all labor, concentration or prison camps.

We were housed in these barracks, sixty to eighty men in one room. In the morning we got a pot of "coffee" (roasted grain and boiled). After the shift we got about a quart of soup without fat or meat and one small loaf of bread for five days. Most of us could eat the bread during one meal, some did and this quickly led to serious health problems.

When we arrived at the camp, between the drive and the walkways there was grass. Within weeks, all of the grass was pulled out and consumed, including the roots, which further led to digestive problems, severe diarrhea and often death.

In the mine, we worked eight hours daily. Initially, we could handle the work, but within weeks, many lost strength or got injured, while others simply dehydrated due to the diarrhea and died. We were not permitted to have any reading or writing material. Thus, our parents did not know where we were. The camp I was in was within the town of Dombrau (Dombrowa) near Karw'in, not far away from Oderberg.

Within weeks, I developed not just diarrhea and other health problems, but also an eye infection. Since there was no medical care and the coal dust aggravated the condition, I got to the point where I could not work in the mine under ground. Shortly after the New Year of 1 946, about forty men from this camp were collected, put in a railroad car and sent away. The train ride ended in Troppau (Opava), our county seat, about twenty miles away from my hometown. From the Troppau railroad station, we walked, naturally under guard, to Graetz (Hradez) where we were put into the castle of the huge Feudal Estate of Fuerst von Lichnowsky. We were to cut timber for the mine. The forest we were assigned to work in was one of the last battlegrounds between the German and Soviet Army, in late April of 1 945. Most of the trees were scratched or even filled with shrapnel and in the bunkers there were still the remains of German soldiers. We cleared these woods and closed the bunkers.

The equipment we used was of American manufacture, an IH tractor (Farmal M) and even a few American made power saws. In this camp things had improved for us. It was much smaller, less guarded and some Czech people would slip us some food, even though, it was prohibited. In March of 1 946, four of us from the group were asked whether we knew how to handle horses and thus, we were transferred to the farm, where we were working with the horses, hauling wood, or later making hay.

A young Czech, who worked at the dam of the small electric power plant, found a hand grenade, played with it and it exploded. It tore off his hand and injured him severely. We heard the blast and ran to the area and found him laying in the water. We pulled him out and carried him to the farm, from where he was taken to the hospital.

Since we saved his life, the farm manager and the other Czech people working on the farm, gave us special privileges, such as more food and more freedom.

I was there until June 1 946, when my family was scheduled for expulsion.

In June of 1 946, 1 received word from our guards that we would be released, sent home to our family and then transferred to the expulsion camp in Wigstadtl (Vitkov), a town about five miles from our Village of Schwansdorf. My parents, my twelve year old sister and 1, along with ninety other inhabitants of our village, were to pack up and get ready to be transported to the camp. We were permitted to take with us 60 kgs. (1 30 lbs.) of used clothing, shoes, bedding or utensils, no money, no 'ewelry and nothing valuable. All of this stuff was inspected by the guards of the expulsion camp in Wigstadtl. There we stayed for about five days until a complete train of about thirty box cars was assembled. Our "possessions" were loaded in railroad box cars, along with thirty people to one car. The camp was heavily guarded as was the train during the whole trip. We were not told where we were going, but within the first day of transit and waiting, we realized that we were going westwards. We hoped and prayed that this direction will be maintained, because many people prior to this event, were sent into forced labor camps to the Soviet Union.

After about four days of very slow travel and waiting, we arrived at the border crossing of Czechoslovakia and Bavaria at Furth im Walde. During the trip we were permitted, at specified locations, to leave the box car and empty the pail of human waste or use the open latrines. Occasionally, we got food and water. After the train crossed the border, the guards quickly left and we realized that we were in Bavaria, the American Zone of Occupation. There, the Red Cross and some other voluntary organizations gave us food. Then, we were ordered 'into barracks, where we were individually deloused by DDT powder. All of this was under the United States Military Command. We still did not know where we were to be sent next. After another day of travel, the whole train was separated into different groups and three box cars, which included us, ended in Landshut, Bavaria. There, the railroad station was totally destroyed by bombs and only a small barrack housed the railroad office. All of our possessions were unloaded and put on trucks for further transportation to an unknown destination.

After about a one hour truck ride, we arrived in a remote village of about a dozen farmers. In Huettenkofen, the truck was unloaded beneath a shade tree and that was our final destination. Within an hour, the appointed Mayor, Mr. Stelzenberger, walked with each family to another farm and told the farmer that he had to clear one room for those of us which were expelled. The
farmer gave us an ox cart, with which we transported our "valuables" to the farm and our new
"home". Our new home, a 1 2' x 1 2' room for four persons.

Data of Expulsion from Wigstadl: Troppauer Heimat-Chronik January 1 996 Issue
May 23, 1 946 - First transport, 1 204 persons to Goeppingen (Schwaben).
June 10, 1 946 - Second transport, 1 204 persons to Munich (Bavaria).
This was our transport, where three box cars were removed from the train at Landshut.
June 26, 1946 - Third transport, 1 1 08 persons to Dachau (Bavaria).
July 4, 1946 - Fourth transport, 1 1 55 persons to Augsburg (Bavaria).
July 18, 1 946 - Fifth transport, 1 204 persons to Regensburg (Bavaria).
August 14, 1946 - Sixth transport, 1 203 persons to Wuerzburg (Bavaria),
another major part from our Village of Schwansdorf.
August 23, 1 946 - Seventh transport, 934 persons to Wuerzburg (Bavaria).
October 21, 1 946 - Eighth transport, 298 persons to Kitzingen (Bavaria).
With this transport, almost every German from our district, about
ten villages, and the town of Wigstadi, were expelled.

While the end of World War 11 brought great relief for millions, for many other millions, hell broke loose. The crimes and the brutalities against millions of East Europeans have been kept'in secret and even today, very few know about it, or even want to know about it.

Justice in the world cannot be promoted, if justice is not provided to all. A crime is a crime, whether committed by the Nazis, the Communists or the Allies.
 

OTHER ATROCITIES

By comparison, my experience after World War 11 in the hands of the Soviet Army, and particularly the Czech Partisans, was fairly pleasant - even though, it eventually resulted in the loss of my eyesight.

What happened in Landskron on May 1 7, 1 945, the hometown of my wife Hermine (Schwab), Ober-Johnsdorf and Krels Landskron, is reported in her documentary "May 1 7, 1 945, The Day I Will Never Forget" and the even more dramatic description of the events in the book entitled "Documents on the Expulsion of the Sudeten Germans" published in 1 953 by University Press, Dr. C. Wolf & Sohn, Munich, Germany, pages 31 through 36, "Landskron: Massacre on May 1 7th, 1 945", reported by Julius Friedel, report of February 22, 1 951. During this massacre, her father, her uncle and a great number of local Germans and a few German soldiers were tortured to death.

In that documentary, there are many other atrocities published such as the Death March in early May of 1 945 from Bruenn (Brno) to the Austrian border, whereby, over 800 persons were tortured to death and thrown in a mass grave, which is now an agricultural field. As of 1 998, the Czech Government refused to either exhume these bodies or at least permit us to set up a memorial and stop farming the field.

The torture and beastly killing of over 1 50 Germans and a few Czech "Collaborators" in the Hanke Lager in Ostrau (Ostrava), was initially investigated in 1 947 by the Czech Government, but the report was never released until after the collapse of the Communist Regime in 1 990.

Dr. Stanek, a journalist and historian, published the complete file in the Czech language in an Ostrava paper (see reference).

Mr. Franz Jenschke, who was born and raised near Grulich (Kraliki), who after the war finally made it to West Germany and lived for decades in Bremen and now resides in Berlin, reported:

A few days later, a "trial", similar to the one in Landskron, was held in Grulich, a town about twenty miles from there. After the beating, torturing and killing, the previous Mayor, Mr. Grund of the town, was singled out. He was hung by his feet until he was unconscious, then he was dropped to the ground and cold water was poured over his head, until he regained consciousness. This torture was repeated a number of times and then he had to crawl on his knees and hands to the cemetery. During this "trip", Mr. Grund was beaten, kicked in his testes and forced to salute "Heil Hitler", while the survivors had to follow and watch. At the outside wall of the cemetery he had to dig a shallow grave, crawl into it, raise his right hand and say "Heil Hitler", while some of the survivors had to shovel dirt on him, until he was silent, his hand still extending out of the dirt. (His grave is still there.)

Franz Jenschke, a devoted Christian, decided in 1 988, when he visited his hometown Grulich, to restore the almost totally destroyed monastery, especially the chapels and the Pilgerhaus. Since that time, up to 1 998, he collected over DM 2 million and almost finished the restoration of the Muttergottesberg (Hill of the Blessed Mother of God) shrine and monastery.

The brutal assassination of the Karpaten Deutsche (refugees from the Carpathian region) and the blood bath in Prague (Praha) are well documented in various books (see reference).

HISTORIC BACKGROUND

The first settlements of the lowland in Bohemia and Moravia, which is now the Czech Republic, were initially settled by the Germanic tribes known as the Bojers. The names of the regions Boehmen (Bohemia) and Bayern (Bavaria) are derived from Bojers.

During the Fifth and Sixth Centuries, Slavic tribes originating from the Ukraine, pushed into this
lowland and settled. The Bojers moved westward to what is now known as Bayern (Bavaria), but also remained in the hills and mountainous region of the Bohemian Forest (Boehmerwald), which is a part of the mountainous complex, including the Bavarian Forest (Bayrischer Wald). These two sections were divided by a political border only. Bayern and Boehmen were independent kingdoms until 1 91 8. All of the original settlers of the Boehmerwald were expelled in 1 945/46, because they were German people.

The mountainous region to the north of Bohemia and Moravia, which became known as the Sudetenland, was a total wilderness except for small valleys up until the Twelfth Century. At that time, the King of Bohemia and the Bishops throughout the region encouraged the German people from Franken, Thueringen and Schlesien (Silezia) to colonize the totally unpopulated region.

While the Czech people were primarily flat land farmers, obviously based on their Ukrainian heritage, the German people were not afraid of mountains. They also developed mining and various other industries, since the land alone could not provide for their families.

In the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries, 300 years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, our ancestors, mostly Franken peasants, moved eastward. They cleared the rugged terrain and built farms and villages, similarly as did the settlers in North America in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Initially, the region belonged to the Holy Roman Empire of German Nations. Later, for hundreds of years, our homeland was part of the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, which was irresponsibly destroyed by the Allied powers after World War I (Treaty of St. Germain).

In 1 91 8, the Czech Nationalists, Mazaryk and Benes, created the misconception of Czechoslovakia in Pittsburgh with the blessing of Britain, France and the United States. They promised to become the second Switzerland with an absolute autonomy for the many different nationalities. Instead of autonomy, Czech machine guns brought to the Sudetenland the newly founded "democracy". Since the Czechs were actually a minority of 48% in the Republic, the other minorities represented the majority. As history has shown, even the Slovaks broke away twice from their Slavic brothers, the Czechs.

When Hitler took power in Germany in 1 933, the Czechoslovakian economy was also depressed. The Sudeten-German people had hoped to receive autonomy. Instead, things turned from bad to worse, World War 11 started and finally ended in 1 945.

In 1 948, the Benes Government, which had ordered the expulsion immediately after the war (Churchill, Roosevelt, Truman and Stalin agreed to it in Yalta and Potsdam), was overthrown by the Communists.

We expelled Sudeten-Germans had laid new roots in Germany and many like me, were now in foreign countries. The Czech people were tortured by their own leaders. The property was confiscated, the clergy was thrown into concentration camps and our homeland became a land of destruction. The majority of the buildings collapsed, the land eroded and the nation fell into poverty and atheism.

After forty years of a Communist paradise, the Marxist Regimes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union collapsed, due to a misconceived, atheistic philosophy, bureaucracy and corruption.

Although the Czech Republic has now a democratically elected government, no attempt has been made to rectify the crimes committed after World War 11 and return the property and the land to us Sudeten-Germans. The Benes Decrees of 1 945/46, which permitted the killing, without a trial of Sudeten-Germans and "Collaborators", the torture of virtually millions, the confiscation of all private property and the "law" to expel all Sudeten-Germans and even some Hungarians, remains in effect until now, the end of 1998. Even though, the Czech Government

has filed application to join the European Union and NATO, these unthinkable laws have not been removed or demanded by the Allies as a condition to 'oin the European Union and NATO, except for Resolution No. 562 of October 1 3, 1 998 by the U.S. House of Representatives.

At this time, over 1 20,000 churches, chapels and monasteries are in desperate need of repair, forget restoration. Thousands of such structures have been purposely destroyed or simply fell in decay beyond repair. Practically all of the farm buildings, small factory structures and hundreds of thousands of homes in the former Sudetenland are gone or beyond repair.

Prior to the annexation of the Sudetenland to Germany in 1 938, over 60% of the tax income for the whole Czechoslovak Republic, with a total population of fifteen million, came from the 3.5 million Sudeten-Germans. Money alone cannot and will not bring prosperity to these depressed regions. They will need people with high standards and work ethics.

The expelled Sudeten-Germans, who came to West Germany, now (1 998), own 1.5 homes per family, while the Czech Nation has a home ownership of 0.5 homes per family.

The State of Bavaria honored the Sudeten-Germans by designating them as the fourth tribe in the state besides the Bavarians, Frankens and Schwabens.

Let us hope that the Czech people will find a just solution.

THE CONSPIRACY OF SILENCE

As pointed out before, the world knows all about the crimes committed by the Nazi Regime. Many Nazi leaders were justly punished. The German people are reminded daily about these atrocities by the media worldwide.

Where were the western journalists when our women were raped and our people were tortured to death? While the Nazis committed their crimes behind heavily guarded concentration camp fences, the Soviet troops and the Czech partisans committed even greater brutalities publicly in every village. Today, over fifty years later, not one of these criminals was brought to trial, due to the Benes Decrees.

When Tito, who also slaughtered hundreds of thousands of people in Yugoslavia, came to visit the United States, he was celebrated as a hero, and so it was when the Soviet leaders came.

The Western World and the United States will have to submit to the truth and discontinue the double standards. The Soviet Union was allied with the Western Powers and thus, the Western Powers of Britain, France and the United States must share the responsibility, as to what happened in Eastern Europe after World War II.

Publishing this documentary is not to cultivate hate, but to contribute minutely to the understanding between nations, because the truth is the foundation of all relations. Let us pray that God may bring wisdom to our leaders, so that they will return to the principles of the Constitution of the United States of America and the almost two millenniums of Biblical teaching.

FOREIGN WARS, THE EXPULSION OF MILLIONS AND THEIR EFFECT ON AMERICA

Pastor Weis of Bethel United Methodist Church in Blackhawk, Wisconsin, during the dedication of our Expellee Memorial Chapel on September 1 7, 1 995, at Karl Hausner Farms in Sauk City, Wisconsin, said it in a few words: "Let us look at the brighter side of the expellee miseries. After every such war, thousands and sometimes millions of such expellees or refugees crossed the Atlantic and brought with them the Christian heritage, which included strong family ties and high standards of work ethics. It gave this country periodically new impulses and energy".
The pilgrims, who landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts, well over 300 years ago, were expellees. The first group of German immigrants, the Menonites from Krefeld, settled in Germantown, Pennsylvania over 300 years ago. They also were refugees/expellees.

After the bloody thirty-year religious war of 1 61 8 - 1 648, eccentric Protestant groups had to flee Europe and not just Catholic dominated regions, but from the Lutheran controlled part of Europe as well. These were the Amish, Menonites, Quackers, Huttenreits, Moravians, just to mention some. Often, they are incorrectly called the Pennsylvania Dutch, while in fact these were German people.

After the French Revolution, and even more so, after the failed Austrian/German Revolution of 1 848/49, many refugees entered the United States. Over 1 0,000 came from various German states. Since they were true libertarians, and the United States at that time was still considering native and black Americans as subhumans and slavery was still accepted, even subsidized, these intellectuals pushed for the abolishment of slavery which led to the U.S. Civil War.

After World War 1, when the Austrian and German Empires were destroyed and the continued embargo brought extreme hardship to Central Europe, many immigrants came to the U.S. between 1920 and 1 930.

After Hitler took power in Germany in 1 933, not only the Austrian and German Jews immigrated by the hundreds of thousands, but also many German politicians who were not in agreement with his policies.

After World War 11, as a result of Soviet advances and the occupation of all of Eastern Europe and the subsequent expulsions of well over 1 8 million German people from the Sudetenland and practically all of Eastern Europe, the United States enacted the "Refugee Relief Act". Between 1 948 and 1 960, well over one million immigrants, mostly refugees or expellees, came to this country. Of the over 800,000 German people, 80% were expellees. This massive influx of well trained and often highly educated people, such as Werner von Braun and his rocket research group, gave the American industry, economy and social structure new impulses, which Pastor Weis so honestly credited.

In this discussion, I do not want to review the Congressional, Industrial and Military Complex and their impact on the history and economy of the United States and, for that matter, the whole world, but just focus on the miseries, which were created by these foreign wars.
 
 
 

References:

1 ) Hvezda Pod Rosutici, Morowsky Beroun, 1 997.
2) Documents on the Expulsion of the Sudeten-Germans, University Press, Dr. C. Wolf & Sohn, Munich, 1953.
3) Es gibt nicht nur ein Lidice, Sudetendeutscher Rat e.V., Muenchen, 1 988.
4) "Sterblichkeit ist Schein", Dr. Fritz Pendl, Sudetendeutsches Archiv, Muenchen, 1 985.
5) Dokumente zur Vertreibung der Sudetendeutschen, Sudetendeutscher Rat e.V., Muenchen, 1 992.
6) Ein Mythos zerbricht: Bene§, Sudetendeutsche Stiftung, Muenchen, 1 99 1.
7) Dokumente zur Austreibung der Sudetendeutschen, Europa-Buchhandlung, Muenchen, 1 951.
8) The Sudeten Question, Brief Exposition and Documentation, Sudeten German Council, Munich, 1 984.
9) Landskroner Not und Tod, Franz J. C. Gauglitz, Selbstveriag Heimatkreisbetreuer Franz Gauglitz, 97353 Wiesentheid, 1 997.
1 0) Sudetendeutscher Atlas, Association for the Protection of the Sudeten German Interests, Munich, 1 954.
11) Heimat Zwischen Oder und Mohra, Hausner Foundation, P.O. Box 322, Hinsdale, IL 60523.
1 2) Hoelle im Zentrum von Ostrava - Hanke Lager, by PhDr. - Dr. Tom6§ Stanbk.
1 3) Miroeschau/Miro§ov oestlich von Pilsen - ein tschechisches Todeslager nach dem Krieg, Herausgegeben vom Heimatkreis Mies-Pilsen e.V. in Dinkelsbuehl.
1 4) "1945 In Memory" by Karl Hausner "Landsberg Brief" - Ausgabe, March 1997
1 5) "May 17, 1945, The Day I Will Never Forget" by Hermine Hausner, D.A.N.K., August 1998.
1 6) "Crimes and Mercies" by James Bacque, Institute for Historical Review.
1 7) "Desperate Deception: British Covert Operations in the United States, 1939-44" by Thomas E. Mahl, Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1998.
1 8) Resolution No. 557, October 9, 1 998, and Resolution No. 562, October 1 3, 1 998, U.S. House of Representatives.

Presented as a lecture during the seminar of the Society for German-American Studies and affiliated institutions, St.Olaf College, New Ulm, MN, April 22-25, 1 999.

Author's Address:
Karl Hausner
28 Concord Drive
Oak Brook, IL 60523-1 767